Which set correctly lists the components of the Human Development Index (HDI)?

Which set correctly lists the components of the Human Development Index (HDI)?

• A. Life expectancy at birth; education (mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling); gross national income per capita.
• B. GDP per capita; inflation; unemployment rate.
• C. Life expectancy at birth; infant mortality; literacy rate.
• D. Education quality; healthcare spending; population density.

Answer: (A)

The HDI measures human development through three core dimensions: health, education, and standard of living. Health is captured by life expectancy at birth, education combines mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling, and standard of living is represented by income per capita, specifically gross national income per capita. This is why the listed set is the correct one: it matches exactly the three dimensions and includes both components that form the education pillar. The other options mix in indicators not used by the HDI—such as GDP per capita, inflation, and unemployment (which aren’t part of the HDI framework); infant mortality or literacy rate (not the two education indicators); or education quality and other unrelated measures.

The HDI measures human development through three core dimensions: health, education, and standard of living. Health is captured by life expectancy at birth, education combines mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling, and standard of living is represented by income per capita, specifically gross national income per capita. This is why the listed set is the correct one: it matches exactly the three dimensions and includes both components that form the education pillar. The other options mix in indicators not used by the HDI—such as GDP per capita, inflation, and unemployment (which aren’t part of the HDI framework); infant mortality or literacy rate (not the two education indicators); or education quality and other unrelated measures.